Changing concept in skeletal physiology: Wolff's Law, the mechanostat, and the "Utah Paradigm."

Article Abstract:

Evidence exists to support several aspects of the Utah paradigm of skeletal physiology strongly. Among other things it says that mechanical forces on skeletons create signals in skeletal organs that control mechanisms that determine form/strength of the same organs; they occur in a manner that lets organs endure their voluntary mechanical usage for a lifetime. The paradigm adds to a 1960 bone physiology theory, an incomplete one, that has nonmechanical influences dominating control of skeletal cells, but does not negate it. The mechanostat, an orchestrator, exists. Collaboration in reconsideration of some ideas about skeletal physiology/disease is needed. Controversy should be welcomed; it leads to progress.

Biochemistry, Causes of, History, Beliefs, opinions and attitudes, Genetic aspects, Medical research, Observations, Science, Science history, Muscles, Collagen, Movement (Physiology), Skeleton, Mechanical properties, Human mechanics, Mechanoreceptors, Physiology, Physiologists

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An approach to estimating bone and joint loads and muscle strength in living subjects and skeletal remains

Article Abstract:

A method for estimating bone/joint loads and muscle strength in both living subjects and skeletal remains has been proposed. Bone modeling thresholds and relationships between stress, strain and unit loads are much better understood than in the past. Effects of body weight and strength of muscles in both the living and skeletal remains are well understood. In growth, joint size is directly proportional to size of total loads but the relationship is not linear.

Joints, Joints (Anatomy), Measurement, Football, Biomechanics, Muscle strength, Bone density, Physiological regulation, Soccer, Biomineralization, Cartilage

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Cybernetic aspects of bone modeling and remodeling, with special reference to osteoporosis and whole-bone strength

Article Abstract:

This article uses a cybernetic approach to examine factors contributing to bone health and common bone disorders. A paradigm that incorporates information on the mechanisms, signals, and dynamic systems involved in bone physiology provide new insight into causes of osteoporosis and factors related to whole-bone strength.

Cybernetics

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