Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate functions as a second messenger that regulates cytoskeleton-plasma membrane adhesion

Article Abstract:

Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) has been found to function as a second messenger regulating adhesion of the cytoskeleton and the plasma membrane (PM). Optical tweezers were used to tether force measurements to make the discovery. Binding interactions of the PM and the cytoskeleton give definition to various cell functions. It seems that PM PIP2 controls dynamic membrane functions and cell shape by increasing/decreasing the adhesion in spots. The cortical cytoskeleton is actin-based and actin polymerization/depolymerization probably mediates regulation of cytoskeletal-PM adhesion energy.

Actin, Second messengers (Biochemistry), Cytoskeleton, Second messengers (Cytochemistry)

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Crystal structure of the VHS and FYVE tandem domains of Hrs, a protein involved in membrane trafficking and signal transduction

Article Abstract:

A protein involved in membrane trafficking and signal transduction, Hrs, has been investigated. The 2-angstrom X-ray structure of the 219-residue N-terminal VHS and FYVE tandem domains has been determined. The structure made up of the two domains constitutes an exact 2-fold-related homodimer by means of antiparallel association of FYVE domains, in the main.

Proteins, Cellular signal transduction, Biological transport, Protein structure

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Specificity determinants in phosphoinositide dephosphorylation: crystal structure of an archetypal inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase

Article Abstract:

Research describes the crystal structure of inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase domain and its product complex together with structure/function analysis of dephosphorylation site specific 5-phosphatases, substrate specificity, and membrane binding determinants.

Statistical Data Included, Analysis, Enzymes, Crystals, Crystal structure, Structure-activity relationships (Biochemistry), Phosphatases, Enzyme structure-activity relationships, Phosphoinositides, Phosphatidylinositols

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