par-4, a gene required for cytoplasmic localization and determination of specific cell types in Caenorhabditis elegans embryogenesis

Article Abstract:

Screening for intestine-deficient maternal effect lethal mutations detected new mutations in the par-4 and par-1 genes of Caenorhabditis elegans. In addition, the par-4 mutation resulted in deficient muscle production. Cytoplasmic localization and spindle asymmetry are uncoupled in par-4 mutants. These embryos go through a normal unequal first division but improperly partition P granules and cell cycle control factors. The par-4 product may affect microfilaments to produce these results. Interaction between the par-2 and par-4 genes results in the enhancement of lethality.

Gene expression, Cell research, Cytological research

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Asymmetrically distributed PAR-3 protein contributes to cell polarity and spindle alignment in early C. elegans embryos

Article Abstract:

The asymmetrical localization of the PAR-3 protein restricts the PAR-1 protein to the posterior end of the zygote and prevents spindle rotation in Caenorhabditis elegans. The PAR-2 protein controls the localization of PAR-3, present near the cell periphery. PAR-3 is present on the side of the P cells which gives rise to somatic cells, while PAR-1 is present on the side which gives rise to the germinal cells. PAR-3 causes changes in the cell cortex which link the astral microtubules to the cortex and prevent spindle rotation.

Observations, Proteins, Polarity (Biology)

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Control of cleavage spindle orientation in Caenorhabditis elegans: the role of the genes par-2 and par-3

Article Abstract:

A new model is proposed to study the cleavage spindle orientation control in Caenorhabditis elegans. The model reveals that embryonic cleavage in Caenorhabditis is caused by the par-3 and par-2 genes. The early cleavages are distorted and produce new cells of different life span and size. The cleavages which occur in the later stages yield blastomers of uniform size and life span.

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