Corporate philanthropy: a strategic approach to the bottom-line

Article Abstract:

This article examines the rapidly expanding movement to professionalize the corporate contributions function, linking giving to special events in sports and the arts, and the pressure to reorient philanthropy into a bottom-line function. Philanthropy has become big business. Sponsorship of sports events, concerts, and festivals has become an $850 million industry with more than 1,600 corporate participants. Corporate sponsorships of sporting events have tripled in the past two years alone. Additionally, businesses contribute more than $500 million annually to the arts, representing a four-fold increase in the past decade. The management of corporate philanthropy has become an integral component of the strategic-planning process. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)

Usage, Economic aspects, Donations, Corporations, Sports sponsorship, Business planning, Charities, Public relations, Strategic planning (Business), Charitable contributions, Charitable donations

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Small exporters and stages of development: an empirical study

Article Abstract:

Empirically-based research and theory on current internal problems of small business is lacking since most research has dealt ex post facto with causes of small business failure and success. In addition, small business problems have not been correlated with the different stages of the overall development of the firm or different states of the exporting process. This study attempts to fill a portion of this gap by empirically examining the differences between overall and exporting problems of small exporters at different stages of overall and exporting development. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)

Management, Export sales contracts

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Bank involvement with export trading companies

Article Abstract:

The Federal Export Trading Act of 1982 was designed to facilitate small business involvement in the international trade arena. Specifically, bank affiliated export trading companies (ETCs) represent a potent vehicle for internationally minded smaller firms to gain entree to world markets. This paper identifies and prioritizes the major reasons why banks would consider getting involved in such ventures. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)

Banking industry, Marketing, Export trading companies

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