Learning from collaboration: knowledge and networks in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries
Article Abstract:
The biotechnology and pharmaceutical fields are rife with a wide range of collaborative relationships intended to access knowledge, skills, and resources that cannot be produced by organizations internally in a timely fashion. As more firms rely on external relationships for knowledge, the ability to process, transfer, and transmit knowledge gained in one context to other activities becomes critical. This article examines the capability for learning both how and what to learn in the context of these inter-organizational relations, and it surveys various practices developed by companies for accessing and distributing knowledge. The key challenge in innovation-intensive fields is to develop organizational routines for learning that are robust, flexible, and durable. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)
Publication Name: California Management Review
Subject: Business, general
ISSN: 0008-1256
Year: 1998
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The open corporation
Article Abstract:
This article describes a corporate structure for fostering and marketing high-technology innovations. This structure occupies a middle ground between large companies and small start-ups. It is the "open corporation," a nonbureaucratic organization that focuses on identifying entrepreneurially minded engineers and scientists, teaching them how to build businesses that respond to market needs and connecting them to sources and users of innovation. The "product" of the open corporation is a continuous stream of new enterprises that have a profoundly different character from those created by venture capital. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)
Publication Name: California Management Review
Subject: Business, general
ISSN: 0008-1256
Year: 1991
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