Improving predictions in expectancy theory research: effects of personality, expectancies, and norms

Article Abstract:

This study tested Fishbein and Ajzen's hypothesis that the behavior of some individuals will be rationally determined by personal expectancies and that the behavior of other individuals will be environmentally determined by social norms. As predicted, strong expectancy-behavior correspondence was obtained for individuals who were dispositionally aware of personal expectancies but unattuned to social norms. In contrast, we predicted and obtained strong norm-behavior correspondence for individuals who were dispositionally attuned to social norms but unaware of personal expectancies. Several methodological refinements in expectancy measures produced equivalent results. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)

Social norms, Expectation (Psychology), Expectations

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Traditional versus open offices: a comparison of sociotechnical, social relations, and symbolic meaning perspectives

Article Abstract:

The effects of a change in an office environment from a traditional to an open-plan design were examined for government employees occupying three types of organizational positions. Differential effects across positions for perceived personal privacy, amount of work-related communication, job characteristics, and job satisfaction supported a hypothesis based on a symbolic meaning approach to explaining employees' reactions to changes in their physical work environment. Overall, the change affected professionals least and clerical and managerial staff most. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)

Office management, Office layout

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The role of risk in explaining differences in profitability

Article Abstract:

This study examined the role of risk in explaining cross-sectional differences in the profitability of business units. Applying suggestions of financial theory, we disaggregated risk into two components - systematic and unsystematic - that are thought to have different effects on return. Drawing on the PIMS data base, we found each component of risk to have a substantial, significant, and different impact on return on investment (ROI). The research and strategy implications of the roles of risk are discussed. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)

Risk assessment, Profit, Profits, Return on investment, Rate of return

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