Industry and regional patterns in sequential foreign market entry

Article Abstract:

This study empirically investigates industry and region of origin patterns of sequential foreign market entry by multinational corporations (MNCs) at the line of business level. We use event history analysis to study sequential foreign direct investment in the United States by European and Japanese firms in the chemical and electronics industries from 1975 to 1992. Results show that European firms as well as Japanese firms first enter in their largest and strongest lines of business, and over time extend their positions by entering in lines of business that are smaller and less strong. As for industry effects, sequential entry is observed more strongly among electronics firms than among chemical firms, reflecting differences in the speed and extent of globalization of these two industries. Our findings confirm that foreign market entry is a sequential process, and show that industry effects are more important than region of origin effects. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)

Foreign investments, Diversification in industry, Industrial diversification

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Structure and Performance in International Technology Transfer

Article Abstract:

Organizational performance is defined as input-output efficiency. In industry, performance is frequently assessed using profits, growth or market position as a delineator. Critical elements of performance will provide a subtler and truer performance picture. Such elements are international resource transfer, including the transfer of capital technology, management information and administrative systems. Transfer measurement can be achieved through cost estimating, and internal and external transfer speeds, scopes and levels. Research shows that the formal macro-organizational structure has a central impact on transfer patterns. A sample of nearly one thousand new products since 1945 is the basis of findings related to international transfer activity. Four transfer measures were found; transfer lag, transfer rate, transfer ratio and transfer recipient. Seven categories of product introduction are listed in tables using multivariate analysis.

Performance, International aspects, Technology transfer

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Surviving JIT: control and resistance in a Japanese transplant

Article Abstract:

This research considers the process of management control and workers' actions in a Japanese-owned consumer electronics plant sited in England. The data are drawn from a period of participant observation which enabled the author to explore, in detail, the style and extent of management control and worker behavior, and the nature of workplace relations at the plant. The author found that the incorporation of just-in-time (JIT) and total quality management (TQM) into clearly defined management objectives had allowed a more complete combination of the control of labor with management's economic goals than that apparent under piece rate systems of control. Worker resistance and 'misbehavior' persist, but in ways which are increasingly fragmentary and marginal. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)

Household audio and video equipment, Consumer Electronics, Audio and Video Equipment Manufacturing, Japan, Consumer electronics industry, Corporations, Labor relations, Just in time inventory systems, Just in time systems, Corporations, Japanese

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