New developments in U.S. technology policy: implications for competitiveness and international trade policy

Article Abstract:

Recently, the science and technology policies of the U.S. government have changed in a number of important respects. First, modifications in the organization and funding of civilian research programs are being made or considered to improve the ability of U.S. firms to realize the commercial profits from the innovations spawned by such research. Second, defense research funding is being used to support advances in civilian technologies in order to provide eventual technological improvements for the military - a dramatic reversal of earlier patterns of funding and technological spillover. The new science and technology policy priorities of the U.S. government and the increased salience of these issues for foreign governments have elevated the importance of science and technology issues within trade policy. This article examines the implications of these developments for the international competitiveness of U.S. firms and for the trade-liberalizing objectives of U.S. trade policy, concluding that the new policy initiatives could have a detrimental impact in both areas. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)

Laws, regulations and rules, International trade, Technology, Science and state, Science policy, International competition (Commerce), International competition (Economics), International trade regulation

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Japan's growing capabilities in industrial technology: implications for U.S. managers and policymakers

Article Abstract:

This article surveys the transformation in Japanese technological capabilities since 1960 and assesses the implications of this transformation for the business strategies of U.S. and foreign firms and for U.S. public policy. Much of the R&D activity by foreign firms in Japan appears to aim at modifying products and processes for the Japanese market, rather than tapping into the science and technology infrastructure to create new products and processes for the global market. Japanese electronic companies, on the other hand, appear to be active investors in R&D in the United States, and active alliance partners as well. In some industries, many U.S. firms are responding to the oppportunity to access the Japanese research system. However, important public policy issues remain over questions of structure, access, and contributions of Japanese and American firms to global scientific and technological research. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)

Research, Corporations, Corporations, Japanese

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Commercial aircraft: cooperation and competition between the U.S. and Japan

Article Abstract:

The United States is unlikely to face a major rival in the Japanese aircraft industry in the near future. However investment policies of the U.S. aircraft industry may need to be altered in in light of the growth of multinational Join ventures.

Aircraft, United States, Analysis, Competition (Economics), International aspects, Aircraft industry

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