Supreme Court: jury role in patent cases curbed

Article Abstract:

The Supreme Court ruled in Markman v. Westview Instruments Inc that judges have greater discretion over the definition of a patent than juries. The patent infringement case was initially ruled in favor of the plaintiff by a jury, but the judge overturned the jury's verdict.

Police, Patent law, Complaints (Civil procedure), Police misconduct

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Job bias claims require direct evidence

Article Abstract:

The US Supreme Court ruled five to four that employees who seek to win discrimination suits must prove that the employers intentionally meant to discriminate. The court also found that dishonesty by employers was not sufficient evidence to prove bias.

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Excessive force against inmates curbed

Article Abstract:

The Supreme Court decided on Feb 25, 1992, that the use of excessive force against prisoners could be considered a violation of the Eighth Amendment's prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment.

Prisoners, Punishment

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