Consumer marketing in India: the changing face of the great bazaar

Article Abstract:

The increased socio-political power of the growing middle-class in India has focused government attention on satisfying the needs of the consumer. The evolution of consumption patterns and attitudes are a result of changes in Indian society, including: the liberalization of trade and industrial policy by the government of Rajiv Gandhi; the introduction of television; and the increase in disposable income. To satisfy consumer demand, the government has allowed indigenous consumer goods companies to enter into collaborative deals with foreign companies. Foreign companies desiring to enter the India consumer market must decide one of four access routes, all of which are difficult and expensive, including: licensing; joint venture; or takeover.

International business enterprises, Multinational corporations, Economic policy, Consumers, Gandhi, Rajiv

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The open temple

Article Abstract:

There is significant development potential in large parts of the Indian economy, including agri-business, infrastructure and tourism. However, foreign direct investment in India, as a percentage of overall global investment, is only 0.5%. Part of the reason for this is that the Indian economy is still strictly regulated. Foreign direct investment clearances are at high levels, but actual flows of investment are often hampered by political difficulties that have an impact on policy development.

Foreign Operations Organization, Foreign operations (Business)

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India: lowering its guard

Article Abstract:

India has made great progress since it started to liberalise its economy in 1991, with foreign direct investment rising 16-fold between 1991 and 1994. However, western firms still experience difficulties due to political factors, especially the lack of coordination between state and central governments. The foreign investment projects which will find most favour amongst Indian politicians include tourism, infrastructure projects and projects which will boost exports.

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