Aerodynamic drag in field cycling with special reference to the Obree's position

Article Abstract:

Twelve national and regional competitor cyclists participated in a study conducted to determine aerodynamic friction measurements through the use of a simple device in real cyclist locomotion used in four different positions. The riders were instructed to exercise with personal road bicycles on an open 453.89-m long velodrome track covered with a synthetic resin surface to determine the AC(sub d) measurement. Results showed that the cyclist position and the measurement condition and techniques affect aerodynamic measurements. Furthermore, Obree's position was linked with the lowest AC(sub d).

Research, Posture, Drag (Aerodynamics), Rolling contact

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Source document position as it affects head position and neck muscle tension

Article Abstract:

Tension in the neck extensors is caused by the position of documents during reading and typing. Positions which produce static loading of muscles in the state of stretch increase the tension levels. Head rotations are maximum when the document is flat on the table. This position produces tension in the neck extensors and the sternocleidomastoid muscles during reading. During typing, muscle tension is caused mainly by the angle of the head flexion and vertical document position, and to a lesser extent by head rotations. For all document positions, typing produces more tension than reading.

Muscles, Reading, Neck, Typewriting

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Text-background polarity affects performance irrespective of ambient illumination and colour contrast

Article Abstract:

A study of proofreading performances with both positive and negative polarity showed that positive polarity advantage was independent of ambient light and chromaticity and colour contrast did not compensate for lack of luminance contrast.

Flat panel displays, Flat panel display, Contrast sensitivity (Vision)

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