First-mover (dis)advantages: retrospective and link with the resource-based view

Article Abstract:

Lieberman and Montgomery's 1988 paper titled 'First-Mover Advantages' is revisited and updated. The winner of the 1996 prize of the Strategic Management Society, the paper presented a unified conceptual framework and critical evaluation of extant literature on the 'first-mover advantage' (FMA) concept. The study found that early entrants to markets may gain advantages through the preemption of various resources, such as technology, location and personnel, and through the development of organizational capabilities that are crucial to the success of their products or services. A review of new research literature on FMA reveals that the advantages of early market entry differ significantly across geographic markets and product categories. New findings also indicate that FMA may also have disadvantages. Implications for future research are discussed.

Diversification in industry, Industrial diversification, Barriers to entry (Industrial organization), Barriers to entry

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First-mover advantages

Article Abstract:

The theoretical and empirical literature on the mechanisms that confer advantages and disadvantages on first-mover firms is surveyed. The three primary mechanisms that lead to first mover advantages are: technological leadership, preemption of assets, and buyer switching costs. The first-mover disadvantages, or advantages enjoyed by late-mover firms are: a 'free-ride' on first-mover investments, resolution of market or technological uncertainty, shifts in customer needs or technology, and incumbent inertia. The conceptual issues involved in first first-mover strategy planning are: the endogenicity of first-mover opportunities, sample selection bias, and definitional and measurement issues.

Analysis, Management research

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The learning curve, diffusion, and competitive strategy

Article Abstract:

The implications of the learning curve for competitive strategy are examined. The learning curve is analyzed in relation to a variety of different assumptions about competition and the nature of the learning process. The effect of learning rates and information diffusion on entry barriers, profits, and price is examined using a game theory model.

Learning curves, Experience curves

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