International licensing of branded food products

Article Abstract:

Major food production firms worldwide usually engage in outbound and inbound licensing of branded products. Inbound licensing happens when a foreign firm gives the rights to a local company to produce and market particular brand name products domestically. Outbound licensing occurs when a domestic firm authoritizes a business entity in another country to sell and make its goods. The payoffs of outbound licensing for licensors include expansion of product markets and increased earnings as a result of royalties. Inbound licensing, on the other hand, can be used by local companies as a ploy to prevent foreign firms from starting domestic operations or stop exports.

Food preparations, not elsewhere classified, Economic aspects, Food industry, Licensing agreements, Brand name products, Brand names, Foreign licensing agreements

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The source of comparative advantage in the biotechnology industry: A real options approach

Article Abstract:

It is shown that biotechnology firms in the United States initiate and successfully complete more research and development projects than European firms. Research is presented proposing that sources of heterogeneity within the research and development investment process are the reason behind America's comparative advantage.

Europe, Management, Biotechnology industry, Biotechnology industries, Investments, Industrial research

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A dynamic model of oligopoly and oligopsony in the U.S. potato-processing industry

Article Abstract:

A linear-quadratic, multi-period optimization model for processors is used to estimate the oligopoly and oligopsony price distortions in the U.S. potato chips and frozen French fries sectors. The results indicate that the behavior in the potato-processing firms is closer to price taking than to collusion.

Marketing procedures, Research Findings, Potatoes, Potato Farming, Irish potatoes, Industry Overview, Marketing research, Food processing plants, Market research, Potato

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