Just as you like it

Article Abstract:

Purpose-built, or architect-designed, buildings are not popular in Scotland. Commercial structures, particularly retail and office spaces, usually take a relatively uniform design. Reasons for this pattern include the availability of 'for sale' or 'to let' buildings, and the bad reputation of architects and developers. The only breach to this trend are industrial buildings and warehouses. However, the refusal of most banks to finance speculative development of office buildings without a pre-let are compelling developers to find tenants or owner-occupiers first before applying for funding. Since these tenants and occupiers are already committed before theconstruction starts, these clients are naturally given the right to decide on the design. Thus, erection of custom-designed buildings may increase due to thelending practice of banks. Purpose-built buildings may be beneficial because they meet the exact needs of users, thus, erasing the need for modifications.

Scotland, Buildings and facilities, Commercial buildings

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Co-operatives: not just another business structure

Article Abstract:

Structuring business or industrial organizations as cooperatives offers several benefits. While cooperatives operate in a way very similar to private companies, they are not unduly burdened by the large salaries that some managing directors demand. In a cooperative business, managers only get the salary agreed upon by the cooperators. Likewise, cooperatives often enjoy more flexible policies on profit/dividend distribution and employee retention. The cooperative option also offers a way for business owners whowant to sell their business to ensure that their firms do not lose their uniqueness under the new owners. Those interested in forming cooperatives may want to seek the help of the Scottish Co-operatives Development Committee. Among the many services the Committee offers are registration without charge and advise on business planning.

Management, Business enterprises, Cooperatives, Cooperatives (Associations)

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Rebuilding the future

Article Abstract:

Several professionals in the US have taken the decision to replace the Twin Towers destroyed during the 11th September 2001 terrorist attack. However, critics feel that the effort is an impossible design rubric, involving a disparate collection of private and public groups, each with different interests in the project.

United States, World trade centers, World trade centres, World Trade Center Site (New York, New York)

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