Payment transactions, instruments, and systems: a survey

Article Abstract:

A review of literature concerning payment transactions, instruments and systems was undertaken to reconcile individually pursued payment research studies. Four general conclusions were considered that need to be further stressed by payment literature. Despite the similarity of payment instruments in developed countries, the frequency of usage is different. Responsiveness to price signals is being shown by users of payment services when they were used to encourage users to adopt lower cost electronic payments.

Cash Management, Research, Payment

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The efficiency of the Federal Reserve in providing check processing services

Article Abstract:

Article examines the efficiency and productivity of the Federal Reserve's check processing offices using various frontier estimation techniques. Results of this study show a consistency with earlier studies indicating that scale of efficiencies improved after pricing services were implemented in the 1980s. However, the average level of efficiency varies considerably with the technique chosen. The findings here that measured cost efficiency dominates scale inefficiency is similar to other studies.

Finance, taxation, & monetary policy, Evaluation, Bank clearinghouses, United States. Federal Reserve Board

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How to fend off shoulder surfing

Article Abstract:

An alternative method for entering personal identification numbers during electronic transactions that would ensure safety against leak of PIN information is presented.

Commercial Banking, Europe, General services, Electronic Banking Svcs, Bank Computer Services, Usage, Safety and security measures, Electronic banking, Electronic funds transfer systems, Online banking, Identification numbers, Personal, Personal identification numbers

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