Russian and Ukranian satellites to observe the oceans

Article Abstract:

Early Russian and Ukranian space programs involved the launching of several satellites that were specifically for ocean-based observations. These oceanographic monitoring satellites were designed by the Ukranian Yuzhnoye bureau primarily for the Soviet space program and have provided oceanographic observations for exploitation by civilian agencies. Future plans for the manufacture and launching of oceanographic monitoring satellites were discussed.

Usage, Satellites (Spacecraft), Oceanographic research

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Russian proposals for launching satellites from the oceans

Article Abstract:

Russia is planning various efforts for launching satellites from the oceans. The first sea launch conducted was in Jul 1998 when a small German satellite was launched from a Russian submarine. The availability of a whole family of submarine-launched missiles makes commercial launching of this kind more possible. Plans for the 1999 Sea Launch programme, a collaboration between Russia, USA, Ukraine and Norway, are discussed.

Russia, Space technology, Launch complexes (Astronautics), Satellite launching ships, Satellite launch ships

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North Korea's first satellite: fact and fiction

Article Abstract:

This article examines the claim by North Korea that it successfully launched a satellite on September 4, 1998. The author presents information claiming a launch was made but no satellite was put into orbit.

North Korea, Reports, United States. Air Force. Space Command

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