Distinct element modeling of structures formed in sedimentary overburden by extensional reactivation of basement normal faults

Article Abstract:

A computer code, based on the distinct element method (DEM), is used to model faulting and flow in sedimentary overburden above a reactivated basement normal fault. The basement fault dip and rotation of the basement fault blocks influence the number, orientation, position and sense of slip on faults, and also the fold geometry. Most of the differences in folding and faulting are due to the packing, sorting and cohesiveness of the dry sand mixture. The formation of the reverse faults depends on the basement normal fault dips and faults formed in the distinct overburden assemblage control.

Faults (Geology), Folds (Geology), Sediment, Suspended, Suspended sediment

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Thrust kinematics and internal deformation in basement-involved fold and thrust belts: the eastern Orobic Alps case (Central Southern Alps, northern Italy)

Article Abstract:

A model for the thrust kinematics and internal deformation of the Alpine convergent evolution of the northern portion of the Central Southern Alps was developed based on geometric analysis and kinematic reconstructions. Geographic data for the evolutionary model were based on the structural analysis of the northeastern Orobic Alps which provided the thermomechanics for the formation of the Central Southern Alps. Furthermore, the region exhibited consistent polyphase evolution characterized by the superimposition of alternating brittle to plastic to brittle layers.

Natural history, Geology, Structural, Structural geology, Alps, Mountains

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Effect of overburden thickness on thrust belt geometry and development

Article Abstract:

Observations on the development of thrust belts from sand models show that sand layer thickness determines spacing from the backstop to the first-formed thrust, distance between the first two thrusts, initial dip of successive ramps steepness of faults, and new ramp initiation. The results suggest that thickness variation along the strike determine the location of thrust belt formations, and that foreland-tapering basins result in decreasing initial thrust spacing toward the foreland. The findings undermine the assumption of a rigid backstop behind thrust belts.

Research, Rock deformation

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