Parallel speciation by natural selection

Article Abstract:

The significance of parallel speciation lies in providing correlative evidence for the role of environmental selection in the origin of species. A reversal of selection may cause speciation to unravel since it is pre- and post-mating isoluation dependent on divergent selection pressures. Mate preferences may be subject to direct selection and postmating isolation may appear as a by-product of environmental selection pressures. Examples of parallel speciation are discussed.

Natural selection

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Ecological character displacement and speciation in sticklebacks

Article Abstract:

Ecological character displacement in species of three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) inhabiting small lakes in coastal British Columbia is reported. Morphological characters and habitat exploitation patterns of co-existing species and of solitary species show that food competition played an important role in species divergence. The study satisfied four of the six major criteria to identify character displacement between competing species.

Genetic aspects, Habitat partitioning (Biology), Habitat partitioning (Ecology), Three-spined stickleback, Lake fauna, Lake animals

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Using phylogenies to test macroevolutionary hypotheses of trait evolution in cranes (Gruinae)

Article Abstract:

A novel phylogenetic method to study trait evolution in cranes (Gruinae) was developed. A comparison of explicit models that describe the evolution of phenotypic characters over the phylogeny of a group was conducted using a technique that avoided point estimates of ancestor reconstructions. Results illustrate that the approach offers a novel way to test hypotheses of trait evolution in a phylogenetic framework.

Usage, Evolution (Biology), Phylogeny, Birds, Cranes (Birds)

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