The coexistence of species in fractal landscapes

Article Abstract:

The effect of the fractal dimension of a landscape on the coexistence and richness of species is evaluated using simulations of species dynamics. Interactions as affected by the geometrical configuration of the environment are also considered. The effect of landscape variability on coexistence is influenced by species interdependence. Decreasing the spatial dependence allows more organisms to inhabit the landscape. However, very high fractal values result in low species diversity. Diversity and breadth of the habitat are shown to be functions of fractal dimension. These patterns are explained by habitat effects and natural processes affecting the habitat.

Influence, Fractals

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Social subordinance and a resource queue

Article Abstract:

Social animals exhibit a hierarchy wherein dominant individuals have better access to resources and mates. A model predicting the access of a subordinate animals to resources available to the group is presented. In the model, resource availability as well as handling time are given consideration. The subordinate's opportunities to share the resources available are influenced by the spatial and temporal distribution of resources. A subordinate's chance to partake of the resources is heightened with an increase in resources and handling time. This, in turn, may influence the individual's decision to remain with or leave the group.

Social behavior in animals, Animal social behavior, Resource allocation

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Parasitism and the dynamics of ungulate grazing systems

Article Abstract:

The effects of directly transmitted macroparasites on the dynamics of plant-ungulate interactions was studied. It was shown that macroparasites can greatly impact plant-ungulate interactions because, unlike the top predator in simple predator-predator-prey models, they do not cause mortality but rather a reduction of fertility in ungulates. Furthermore, the transmission of the macroparasite is coupled with host food consumption. Implications for the use of anthelmintic drugs in grazing system management and topics for future investigations are mentioned.

Environmental aspects, Parasites, Grazing, Host-parasite relationships, Herbivores

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