Income taxation and the accounting period: a simulation analysis

Article Abstract:

The effects on inequality and progressivity of the use of alternative income accounting periods are examined using a simulation model. Simulation results show that progressivity and inequality measures can often take opposing directions over time for annual accounting periods and as the length of time gradually increases. The role of the aggregate tax ratio as well as the re-ranking that can take place in the larger time frame, can complicate the relationship between summary measures.

Models, Analysis, Usage, Taxation, Income tax, Simulation methods, Simulation, Accounting periods

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Pension and tax structures in an ageing population

Article Abstract:

A general framework for analyzing the financing of state pensions under alternative tax structures is presented. Two basic types of schemes are specifically examined in depth. The first, similar to the Australian state pension program, involves a means-tested pension scheme funded solely by income taxation. The second scheme has a basic taxable pension which is combined with several other taxes such as a general consumption tax and special pension contributions.

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Does long-run purchasing-power parity hold within the European Monetary System?

Article Abstract:

Co-integration techniques are used on data on bilateral exchange rates between five European Monetary System (EMS) currencies to determine if purchasing power parity can be attained in the long run within the EMS. Results of tests on intra-EMS exchange rates show that the real exchange rates within the EMS have favored countries with higher inflation, as predicted by the theory.

Prices and rates, Foreign exchange, Foreign exchange rates, European Monetary System

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