Land reform and farm restructuring: what has been accomplished to date?

Article Abstract:

The countries of East Central Europe appear to be overtaking the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) in carrying out land reform and farm restructuring initiatives. The performance of the Baltic nations is similar to those belonging to the CIS, where in the distribution of land involves the distribution of physical plots to households in collectives and independent family farms outside collectives. The Czech Republic and Slovakia are leading the effort despite their relatively low individualization.

Agriculture, Crop Production, Agricultural industry, Europe, Economic aspects, Economic policy, Commonwealth of Independent States, Land reform

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Central-bank independence revisited

Article Abstract:

Increasing empirical evidence and modern economic developments signify the value of central bank independence (CBI) to promote economic progress. The level of CBI has defined a negative relationship with inflationary movement. CBI promotes better stabilization strategies than less-efficient banks. Finally, the magnitude of CBI is indicative of the level of fiscal policy development and performance.

Research, Central banks, Fiscal policy, Economic stabilization

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