The origins of state-level differences in the public provision of higher education: 1890-1940

Article Abstract:

The public sector in higher education increased comparatively to the private sector from the latter part of 1890 to 1940. Higher education institutions significantly improved and developed during the same period primarily due to the increased demand for professional expertise. State and local support to public higher education increased from 1902 to 1940 with the number of students attending public schools also increasing. However, public funding for higher education were different between states. The Western states afforded the greatest level of support and the Northeast, the lowest due primarily to the level and distribution of wealth in such states.

Administration of Education Programs, Education Programs-State, Analysis, Education policy, Higher education, Higher education and state, Educational programs, State aid to education

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Rising inequality? Changes in the distribution of income and consumption in the 1980's

Article Abstract:

The inequality in family incomes increased in the 1980s. The proportion of income for the poorest quintile of the income distribution of families decreased from 5.2% in 1980 to 4.6% in 1990, compared to an increase from 41.5% to 44.3% for the richest quintile. Research indicates that there is a close correlation between changes in the distribution of consumption and changes in income distribution. Anti-poverty policies are needed in addition to macroeconomic growth to benefit the poor.

Research, Consumption (Economics), Income distribution, 1980s (Decade)

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The cost and financing of health care

Article Abstract:

American health care expenditures accounted for 12% of total GDP in 1990, compared to only 10% for Canada and around an average of 8% for OECD countries. This discrepancy is explained in terms of incentive structures that set a greater percentage for benefits over risks. Such structures effectively limit health insurance costs for employees. The absence of strong and effective competition in insurance markets also differentiate insurance spending levels.

Finance, Medical care, Cost of, Health care costs, Health care reform

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