The roles of insurance and well-specified standards in dealing with environmental risks

Article Abstract:

Concern for the environment has grown impressively since the 1960s. This has led to stringent regulatory measures designed to protect the environment, with the costs borne mainly by the private sector. These costs can be reduced if standards are well-specified and if insurance were designed to be a more efficient policy tool. The legal system can be used to manage environmental risks if conditions of insurability are met. Well-specified standards can prevent situations that would lead to environmental deterioration, while insurance companies can police the industry and ensure regulation compliance.

Insurance carriers, not elsewhere classified, Insurance NEC, Other Direct Insurance (except Life, Health, and Medical) Carriers, Insurance, Standardization, Environmental aspects, Quality control, Product safety

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Environmental taxation: a green stick or a green carrot for corporate social performance?

Article Abstract:

The intended effect of environmental taxes to increase compliance among firms may result in an opposite effect, due to the inability of firms to reconcile the costs of compliance with the cost of paying the taxes. Many local governments use the environmental tax as a resource for their environmental programs. Since no corresponding incentives are given firms for decreasing emissions, many are likely to justify their environmental compliance by merely paying the taxes.

Interpretation and construction, Environmental law, Regulatory compliance costs

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Environmental management in Japan: applications of input-output analysis to the emission of global warming gases

Article Abstract:

Input-output analysis methods were employed to assess particular Japanese environment management activities such as cement production and consumption, house insulation, carbon dioxide emissions and other global warming gases, and use of recycled paper. Application of the method indicated limitations associated with data requirement and deficiencies in the estimation of results from one sample year to another.

Regulation and Administration of Communications, Electric, Gas, and Other Utilities, Environmental Management, Energy Programs, Research, Management, Usage, Japan, Energy policy, Global warming, Environmental economics, Input-output analysis

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