Coping with the dual-use dilemma

Article Abstract:

New electronics markets are opening in Eastern Europe as the Coordinating Committee for Multilateral Export Controls (Cocom) eases west-to-east trade restrictions on dual-use technology at the end of the Cold War and the 1991 Persian Gulf War. Cocom, whose members include the US and its European allies, Australia and Japan, cut export controls in half and is focusing instead on end-users. Microprocessors, machine tools, aircraft, avionics, propulsion, software and technical data, RAM chips and semiconductors, optical sensors and lasers are all decontrolled. Most hardware and software for advanced telecommunications remains off-limits to the Soviet Union, however, and controls remain on militarily useful night vision and thermal imaging equipment. The eased restrictions mean businesses must be more responsible and aware of their end users.

Prepackaged software, Communications Equipment, Radio & TV communications equipment, Laws, regulations and rules, Cover Story, Middle East, Science and technology policy, International trade, Restraint of trade, Soviet Union, Technology transfer, Electronic Industry, Market Analysis, Government Regulation, Military, Coordinating Committee for Multilateral Export Controls, Europe, Eastern, Eastern Europe

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ICs going on a 3-V diet: after over a decade at 5 V, higher IC densities require a 'cooler' 3-V standard, with transitional systems likely to mix 3 and 5 V

Article Abstract:

Computer companies want to make portable equipment smaller, lighter and more reliable, and dropping the industry's 5-V standard down to 3V would help to accomplish this. Battery life would be extended if 3-V components were used, and equipment would run cooler, which is increasingly important at higher circuit densities. To be adopted, a 3-V standard must be defined and specified by a standards organization. It is likely that it will use a mix of 3-V and 5-V components. Probably, complete ranges of 3-V components will be available by 1993 or 1994.

Standards, Handheld computers, Integrated circuits, Electronic components, Standard, Standardization, Integrated circuit fabrication, Design and construction, Laptop computers, Portable computers, Batteries, Laptop/Portable Computer, Hand-Held Computers, Miniaturization, Computer Battery, Computer batteries, Circuit Components, Notebook Computer

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