Switched-capacitor filters: precise, compact, inexpensive
Article Abstract:
Switched-capacitor filter (SCF) MOS ICs are finding applications in a wide range of markets beyond their original telephone network applications. Telephone applications of the $2 to $25 devices will account for $60 million worth of SCFs in 1988, and the non-telephone uses at $22.3 million rising to 1990's $27.7 million. Non-telephone applications include: audio equipment; speech analyzers, synthesizers, and recognizers; test instruments; and electronic musical instruments. An SCF is composed of op amps, capacitors, and switching transistors; combine filtering capabilities of analog and digital filters; come in five basic types: low-pass, high-pass, band-pass, band-pass rejection, and all-pass; are available as standard, semi-custom, and custom ICs; and are often configured with other devices on a single chip.
Publication Name: IEEE Spectrum
Subject: Engineering and manufacturing industries
ISSN: 0018-9235
Year: 1988
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Optical interconnects replace hardwire
Article Abstract:
Electrical connections for very large-scale integrated (VLSI) chips cannot handle electric signals fast and reliably enough. Power drain and the number of wires linking the chips and the circuit boards are immense. Connecting circuits by light offers the combination of large bandwidths and large fanout which is needed by real-time systems. Optical interconnects consume less power, are immune to crosstalk and interference, and the number of optical fibers connecting the circuits can be held to lower levels. An optical interconnect requires a source, an optical waveguide and a receiver. The developments achieved by several firms, including Rockwell and Honeywell, are described.
Publication Name: IEEE Spectrum
Subject: Engineering and manufacturing industries
ISSN: 0018-9235
Year: 1987
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