China: the forecast of its environmental situation in the 21st century

Article Abstract:

A study of the relationship between development and the environment in China forecasts that the high pace of economic development will result in over-use of resources and widening of the gap between demand and supply by 2030. Estimates, taking 1994 as base figure, show that the adverse impact on the environment will rise by 20.5% in 2000, 44% in 2010, 78% in 2020, and 125% in 2050. The cost of environmental pollution management will be 1.25% of GNP in 2000, 1.50% in 2010, and 1.85% in 2020. Extreme natural hazards will increase by 74.6%. Historical, meteoric, and economic methods were used for the study.

China, Forecasts and trends, Environmental aspects, Natural resources, Pollution, 21st century AD, Ecology

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Locational errors in maps from environmental surveys and their implications for information extraction

Article Abstract:

Maps, as sources of environmental data, are subject to locational errors and awareness of these errors is essential if quantitative information is to be abstracted from them. Unscientific methods of locating and recording features on base maps lead to inaccurate field-sketched maps. The problems of extracting accurate information from maps is exemplified by the River Corridor Survey maps. A semi-quantitative method of information extraction is applied to quantify locational errors derived from erroneous base maps. This helps to create an accurate database while allowing for marginal errors.

Management, Evaluation, Reports, Error analysis (Mathematics), Maps (Geography), Errors, Errors (Mistakes), Maps, Error analysis

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Willingness to pay for improved environmental sanitation in a Nigerian city

Article Abstract:

A hedonic housing price approach is used to identify factors that influence willingness to pay for improved environmental sanitation in Lagos, Nigeria. Results indicate Lagos residents' willingness to pay 9% of their annual housing rent to enhance the distance between their houses and landfills. Factors that influence willingness to pay also include household size, income and sanitation of immediate environment

Economic aspects, Refuse and refuse disposal, Waste disposal, Waste management, Sanitary landfills, Lagos, Nigeria (City)

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