Public goods, club goods, and the measurement of crowding

Article Abstract:

Measures were proposed to assess the degree of publicness, an economic concept that is highly related to the question of efficient private provision, of publicly provided goods and club goods. The proposed measures are more effective than other commonly used measures since they do not rely on arbitrary metrization conventions, such as money metric and proportional metric. Independence from arbitrary metrization was attained by measuring the rise in the quantity of public good which is vital in keeping consumers utility constant when population increases. Analysis of measures reveals that a rising marginal congestion is not a vital characteristic of a club good or a local public good. Results obtained from the analysis offer potentially important information regarding private decisions.

Research, Urban economics, Public goods

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Trends in residential segregation by race: 1960-1980

Article Abstract:

An analysis of patterns of residential segregation by race using census tract data reveals that there has been a reversal in the post-WWII pattern towards increased segregation in living patterns. Research results indicate that the white population is shifting towards more integrated neighborhoods while the black population is moving away from traditional ghetto districts. The incidence of residential racial segregation is lower than in 1980 than in either 1970 or 1960, but most residential housing markets remain segregated in 1989.

Housing, African Americans, Housing research, Whites, Race discrimination, Housing discrimination, Segregation

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Crowding and the club membership margin

Article Abstract:

The comparative value of public services such as fire protection is a function of the degree of crowding within a given district. Increasing the population will change the voting pattern of the district and affect the service levels and tax burden of that district. In the case of fire protection, no consistent variations are observed with population change. Per capital income change does positively influence the demand for fire protection and could affect the comparative advantage of districts considering consolidation.

Methods, Municipal services, Population research, Fire protection districts

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