The interaction of residential segregation and employment discrimination

Article Abstract:

One of the strongest and most substantial factors for both changes over time and levels of workforce racial composition is workplace distance from the main ghetto. Evidence is offered of a more heterogeneous micro labor supply within standard metropolitan statistical areas than has typically been acknowledged for policy-making purposes. A comparison of Los Angeles and Chicago indicates that distance from the ghetto has a strong effect in Chicago, and that the effect grew during the late 1970s. Residential segregation is of less relative importance in Los Angeles in determining workplace demographics, despite that city's rudimentary public transportation system and prototypical dispersion of jobs. Residential segregation in both Los Angeles and Chicago strongly affects black employment patterns and limits the effectiveness of programs to integrate the workplace.

Analysis, Demographic aspects, Employment, California, Los Angeles, California, Chicago, Illinois, Employment discrimination, Blacks, Segregation, Chicago, Los Angeles

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Estimation and recent behavior of urban population and employment density gradients

Article Abstract:

In updating E.S. Mills' classic 1972 study of the inverse relation between urban population density and distance from city centers, a corrected model eliminating a statistically small bias is developed. A number of the patterns Mills identified continue for the period from 1970 to 1980, including: the continued decentralization of urban populations, the slowing of the decentralization rate, and a convergence of the gradients across population and job sectors. The bias corrected for may best be stated as: the more a city's center is nonresidential, the more the population density gradient from the city center to the outer reaches of the city will be downwardly biased.

Economic aspects, Criticism and interpretation, Municipal research, Mills, E.S.

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Density bonuses, exactions, and the supply of affordable housing

Article Abstract:

The use of density bonuses in New Jersey was examined. The New Jersey Fair Housing Act has required each municipality to offer a 'fair share' of low- and moderate-income housing. Builders have been required to subsidize a percentage of the total units in exchange for the increase in density. The participation of builders in a density bonus program is sensitive to the price elasticity of the demand for housing at the site and the size of the bonus. Bonus size and the exaction rate could be altered to achieve the goals of voluntary participation by builders, a greater supply of affordable housing, and enhanced economic welfare.

Housing, New Jersey, Social policy

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