Effects of glyburide on in vivo insulin-mediated glucose disposal
Article Abstract:
The effects of the antidiabetic agent glyburide on the sensitivity of muscle and liver to insulin were assessed in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), as well as in normal subjects. Changes in insulin sensitivity, the production of glucose by the liver, and secretion of insulin from the pancreas were evaluated in 10 patients with NIDDM after three months of glyburide treatment and in seven healthy subjects after six weeks of glyburide treatment. In addition, five patients with IDDM and eight patients with insulin-treated NIDDM were assessed after two months of glyburide treatment. Glyburide improved insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion in NIDDM patients treated with glyburide for three months. In addition, the liver production of glucose and blood levels of glucose were decreased. Glyburide treatment also improved insulin sensitivity in healthy subjects after six weeks of drug therapy. Glyburide had no effect on glucose metabolism or insulin sensitivity in IDDM patients, but reduced the requirement for insulin, improved insulin secretion, and decreased blood glucose levels in insulin-treated NIDDM patients. The blood levels of C-peptide, which is released with insulin and is a measure of insulin secretion, were correlated with the reduced need for insulin treatment. Glyburide caused less improvement of insulin sensitivity in insulin-treated NIDDM patients after two months of drug therapy than in NIDDM patients treated for three months. These findings show that glyburide helps to control blood glucose levels by increasing the sensitivity of the muscle to insulin; decreasing the production of insulin by the liver; and enhancing glucose activation of insulin release by glucose. Glyburide has no effect in IDDM patients, suggesting that the ability to produce and release insulin is required for glyburide to exert its effects. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)
Publication Name: American Journal of Medicine
Subject: Health care industry
ISSN: 0002-9343
Year: 1990
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Effects of glyburide on carbohydrate metabolism and insulin action in the liver
Article Abstract:
Type II diabetes or non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) is a disorder of glucose metabolism that tends to affect obese adults. This disease is characterized by hyperglycemia, or increased blood levels of glucose, and glycosuria, the presence of glucose in the urine, which result from the decreased utilization of glucose by the body's tissues. In NIDDM, the body's cells are resistant to the actions of the hormone insulin, which controls the consumption of glucose by cells for the production of energy. Insulin is produced and released by the beta cells of the pancreas. Antidiabetic agents such as glyburide compensate for the decreased responsiveness of the tissues to insulin by increasing the release of insulin from the beta cells of the pancreas. Hyperglycemia in patients with NIDDM who have not consumed glucose results from the increased liver production of glucose. In NIDDM, insulin fails to prevent the production of glucose by the liver. Recent studies show that glyburide decreases the production of glucose by the liver, enhances insulin's actions, promotes the formation of the storage form of glucose called glycogen, and inhibits the breakdown of glucose. These findings help to elucidate the mechanism of action of glyburide in treating NIDDM and contribute to the understanding of the causes of NIDDM. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)
Publication Name: American Journal of Medicine
Subject: Health care industry
ISSN: 0002-9343
Year: 1990
User Contributions:
Comment about this article or add new information about this topic: