A comparison of adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix

Article Abstract:

Squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma are the most common forms of cervical cancer. It has been reported that the percentage of adenocarcinomas is increasing, but it is not known whether this is due to a true increase in the incidence of adenocarcinoma or a decrease in the incidence of squamous cell carcinoma. Also, other studies have reported different risk factors and rates of survival for these two types of cervical cancer. Therefore, a study was performed to determine the incidence of both types of cervical cancer, their associated risk factors and survival rates. The study was conducted between 1970 and 1985, and included 203 patients with adenocarcinoma and 756 with squamous cell carcinoma. The study period was divided into four separate four-year intervals. The number of new cases of adenocarcinoma remained the same for each of the four-year intervals, while the number of new cases of squamous cell carcinoma decreased. Obesity and smoking were more common among the patients with squamous cell carcinoma, while adenocarcinoma was more common among those who had not given birth. The survival rate for patients in the early stage of cancer (stage 1) was greater for those with squamous cell carcinoma (90 percent survival five years after diagnosis) than for those with adenocarcinoma (60 percent survival five years after diagnosis). For patients in a more advanced stage of cancer (stage 2), the rates of survival were 62 percent and 36 percent for squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma, respectively. Those patients in the final stage of cancer (stage 3) had five-year survival rates of 36 percent and 8 percent for squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma, respectively. In all stages of disease, the survival rate was better for patients with squamous cell carcinoma than adenocarcinoma. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Risk factors, Statistics, Cervical cancer, Cancer, Squamous cell carcinoma, Adenocarcinoma

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Exercise and incontinence

Article Abstract:

Many women claim that they would perform exercise more often if it weren't for the increased leakage of urine. To better understand the relationship between exercise and urinary incontinence, 326 women between the ages of 17 and 63 were surveyed by questionnaire. Of those responding, 152 women (47 percent) reported leakage of urine. Urinary incontinence was not related to race, height, weight, menopausal status, use of fluid-regulating or birth control drugs. Exercise was performed regularly by 290 women, 87 (30 percent) of whom reported leakage of urine during at least one type of exercise. In only one woman was incontinence present exclusively during exercise. Urinary incontinence was more likely to occur if exercise involved bouncing. Incontinence was reported by 38 percent of the women who ran, 36 percent of the women doing high-impact aerobics, 27 percent of the women who played tennis and 22 percent doing low-impact aerobics. Incontinence was the main reason why 17 women stopped participating in exercise. The leakage of urine was enough to change the way exercise was done 16 women. Forty-eight (55 percent) women had to wear a pad during exercise. Incontinence was a problem for both women who had and had not given birth. It is concluded that incontinence during exercise is not uncommon (one in three in this study), but is not readily discussed with a health professional: only 35 percent reported it. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Evaluation, Causes of, Physiological aspects, Urinary incontinence, Women's fitness

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