A comparison of patterns of metastasis in gastric cancer by histologic type and age

Article Abstract:

Gastric, or stomach, cancer is quite common, and in Japan it is the most frequent, accounting for 25 percent of all cancers. There has been some suggestion that the metastatic spread of gastric cancer is more common among younger patients, but there is little quantitative data on this point. To determine the relationship between the metastatic spread of stomach cancer, its histological type, and the patient's age, autopsy material from 173 patients who did not have their stomach cancer surgically treated was reviewed. The cancers were broken down into glandular (54 percent) and nonglandular (46 percent) on the basis of histological examination. The nonglandular type showed a greater frequency of metastasis to the lymph nodes and the peritoneum (the membrane surrounding the abdominal organs), while the glandular type more frequently involved the liver. When the patient's age was considered, peritoneal spread was more common among younger patients, regardless of whether the tumor was glandular or nonglandular. Metastases to the lymph nodes were also more common among the young for cancers of the nonglandular type, which is the type most likely to spread to the nodes overall. Young patients in this study were no more likely to have lymph node spread of the glandular type, however. Conversely, the patient's age had no influence on the frequency of metastatic spread to the liver, regardless of whether glandular or nonglandular cancers were observed. The results clearly indicate an age effect on the metastasis of stomach cancer, as has been observed for other cancers, including breast cancer. The results also indicate that the proper understanding of the data require that the histological type of the cancer be taken into account when analyzing age effects. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Physiological aspects, Metastasis, Cancer metastasis, Stomach cancer, Lymphatic metastasis

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Associations between data for male lung cancer and female breast cancer within five countries

Article Abstract:

Female breast cancer and male lung cancer have both been linked to smoking, and recent reports have suggested that smoke pollution might cause cancer in passively affected nonsmokers. Tobacco consumption, female breast cancer, and male lung cancer might all be expected to be correlated. To determine if this is indeed the case, statistics were gathered from five countries: Italy, the Soviet Union, West Germany, Canada, and Great Britain. Female breast cancer and male lung cancer were positively correlated in Italy, the USSR, and West Germany, with a weak positive correlation in Canada. The correlation was absent in Scotland, and significantly negative in England and Wales. The correlation between tobacco consumption and male lung cancer was strong, as expected, but the correlation between female breast cancer and tobacco consumption was weak. Since the negative correlation between female breast cancer and male lung cancer in England argued against the original hypothesis of a common cause in smoking, the data were examined further. It was found that within England at least two subgroups exist, suggesting that the actual underlying factors might be industrialization or dietary habits, and smoking may be only a confounding variable. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Causes of, Smoking, Breast cancer, Lung cancer

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