Assessing the physical health of homeless adults

Article Abstract:

Sampling methods can limit accuracy in assessing the health of populations of the adult homeless. Many have been based upon the evaluation of individuals who sought out health care. This results in a sampling which omits those who may have health problems but do not chose to receive attention. To achieve a more accurate assessment of the physical health of a broader range of homeless individuals, two major factors were considered. Self-evaluation on health by the homeless was compared with objective examination and observation. Also, an attempt was made to delineate homeless populations demographically, separating those living in shelters from those living elsewhere. The differences in the groups were assessed by location and by the reliance upon a more objective evaluation of their health. A sampling of 529 homeless adults from two counties in the Los Angeles, CA area was used. Individuals living in shelters were less likely to be users of illegal drugs, victims of violence, or to show indications of liver or heart damage. A relationship between where people lived and their overall physical condition was found. In general, those living in shelters were observed to be in better health than those living outdoors, who were the most severely ill. This unsheltered group was also most likely not to receive health care for their physical problems. Alcoholic behavior and subsequent problems related to this behavior more frequently plagued those living outdoors. It was found that self-evaluation was useful in screening the health status of large groups of homeless. Although this method used in combination with objective and controlled health assessments was more accurate, it is recommended for use alone in instances where funds are too limited for more in-depth studies.

Homelessness

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Health status of detained and incarcerated youths

Article Abstract:

A review of the literature and discussions with specialists in correctional health care, as well as the legal and the judicial system, have revealed the inadequacy of medical services provided for delinquent youths. Youths confined to correctional facilities should be protected from developing physical and emotional problems as a result of incarceration. However, correctional facilities tend to be overcrowded and unsanitary, and in 1985 more than half the youths in custody were living in facilities that were operating beyond capacity. Youths are often mistreated with overuse of physical restraints, psychological intimidation, and unnecessary psychoactive medications. Most youths in correctional institutions have not committed serious crimes, and many have underlying physical and emotional disorders. The improvement of medical services for delinquent youths may contribute to their developing into more productive citizens. Recommendations by the Council on Scientific Affairs for improving health care services for incarcerated, delinquent youths are presented. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Reports, Juvenile offenders, Prisons, American Medical Association. Council on Scientific Affairs

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Health care needs of homeless and runaway youths

Article Abstract:

The population of homeless children in the U.S. is estimated to range from 500,000 to more than 2 million. The focus of this report is on the health care needs of homeless youths. Although most runaways return home within a week, many stay away longer; one in 20 is estimated to be gone for more than a year. For homeless youths between 12 and 17, medical care is often unavailable, and even when it is, delays in seeking treatment are common. The primary health problems facing homeless youths are poor nutrition, substance abuse, psychiatric problems, physical complaints related to exposure and hygiene, sex-related medical concerns, and physical abuse and victimization. Legal barriers (e.g., lack of parental consent) may prevent homeless minors from receiving the care they need because of their questionable legal status. Experts urge that a pilot study of the health care needs of homeless youths in a major city be conducted in order to provide medical authorities with baseline data on their problems and needs.

Runaway children, Runaways

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