Autonomous proliferation of leukemic cells in vitro as a determinant of prognosis in adult acute myeloid leukemia

Article Abstract:

The degree to which malignant, immature blood cells can proliferate under laboratory conditions may predict a leukemia patient's prognosis. Samples of bone marrow from 114 patients with acute myeloid leukemia were tested for blood cell proliferation using tritiated thymidine to measure DNA synthesis. Actively proliferating cells synthesize greater amounts of DNA. Among 91 patients treated with chemotherapy, only 4% of the patients with high proliferation rates were still alive three years later, compared to 44% of those with low proliferation rates. Patients with a high proliferation rate were also less likely to go into complete remission. Only 9% of patients with high proliferation rates were free of disease at three years, compared to 49% of those with low proliferation rates. Leukemic blood cells may be capable of secreting and responding to various growth factors, which could cause them to proliferate in the absence of any other stimulus.

Prognosis, DNA, Growth, Cancer cells

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Mutations in the gene for the granulocyte colony-stimulating-factor receptor in patients with acute myeloid leukemia preceded by severe congenital neutropenia

Article Abstract:

Mutations in the gene for the granulocyte colony-stimulating-factor (G-CSF) receptor may be involved in the progression of hereditary neutropenia and development of acute myeloid leukemia. Neutropenia is a drop in the number of white blood cells. Researchers analyzed the G-CSF receptor genes in two patients with severe congenital neutropenia who received G-CSF therapy, and later developed acute myeloid leukemia. Both patients had mutations involving the replacement of thymine for cytosine on the receptor gene. One of the patients developed the mutation before developing leukemia. The mutated genes were put into mouse bone marrow cells which were then grown in the presence of G-CSF. As compared with normal cells, the cells with the mutation multiplied excessively but failed to mature properly. This suggests that the alteration of the maturation signal on the G-CSF receptor may lead to the development of leukemia.

Development and progression, Genetic aspects, Cell receptors, Neutropenia

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Comparison of CHOP chemotherapy with autologous bone marrow transplantation for slowly responding patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

Article Abstract:

A combination of high-dose chemotherapy, radiation and autologous bone marrow transplantation does not appear to be more effective than chemotherapy alone in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma who respond slowly to initial chemotherapy. Of 286 non-Hodgkin's patients treated with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone (CHOP), 106 did not respond completely. Fifty-four of these patients were randomized into two groups: 28 received five more courses of CHOP chemotherapy and 26 donated bone marrow which was given back to them after a course of chemotherapy and radiation. After four years, disease-free survival rates and overall survival rates were similar in both groups. Patients who responded slowly to the initial chemotherapy regimen and had no bone marrow disease survived as long as those who responded rapidly, regardless of which treatment they received.

Care and treatment, Evaluation, Bone marrow, Bone marrow transplantation, Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, Prednisone, Doxorubicin, Cyclophosphamide, Vincristine, Autografts

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