Behavioral risk of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in the university student community

Article Abstract:

College students appear to engage in high-risk sexual behaviors associated with HIV transmission even though they are aware of the risks. A total of 405 university students completed an anonymous survey that asked for information about their sexual behavior and tested their knowledge of the risk factors for HIV transmission. Ninety-two percent of the students identified themselves as heterosexual, 2.2% identified themselves as bisexual and another 2.2% identified themselves as homosexual. Fifty-five percent of those surveyed identified themselves as sexually active. Slightly more than 8% of sexually active students had previously had a sexually transmitted disease. Sexually active students were more concerned about contracting HIV than those who were not sexually active. Almost 64% of students reported always using protection during penile/vaginal intercourse. Eighteen percent reported engaging in oral/penile sex and 28% reported engaging in oral/vaginal sex. Twenty-five percent of the students did not believe that HIV could be transmitted through oral sex. However, 86% never used protection during oral sex.

Sexual behavior, College students

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Acquired immune deficiency syndrome: knowledge, experiences, and attitudes of hospital-based registered nurses

Article Abstract:

Oklahoma hospital-based registered nurses appear to be more knowledgeable about AIDS now than at the beginning of the epidemic. In 1986, Oklahoma had 49 reported AIDS cases, rising to 676 in 1993. Researchers surveyed two-thirds of the nurses at 75 Oklahoma hospitals in 1986 and three-quarters of the nurses at 85 hospitals in 1994 about knowledge of AIDS and attitudes towards AIDS patients. Average general knowledge scores rose from 77% to 83%, and average clinical knowledge scores rose from 69% to 81% among infection control nurses. Among other nurses, average general knowledge scores rose from 73% to 77%, and average clinical knowledge scores rose from 68% to 75%. The distribution of scores also narrowed. Nearly half of nurses thought they did not know enough in 1986 verus 6% in 1994. Attitude scores on a scale of 15 to 60 averaged 43 in 1986 and 46 in 1994. However, a few nurses held extremely negative attitudes towards AIDS patients.

Social aspects, Nurses, Beliefs, opinions and attitudes, AIDS (Disease)

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The causal role for genital ulcer disease as a risk factor for transmission of human immunodeficiency virus: an application of the Bradford Hill criteria

Article Abstract:

Genital ulcer disease (GUD) may increase a person's risk for acquiring HIV. Researchers identified 27 scientific articles in the medical literature and analyzed them for any causal associations between GUD and HIV. Most of the articles seemed to connect GUD with an increased risk for HIV acquisition, as analyzed by Bradford Hill's rules of evidence for causal inference. The criteria for his rules of evidence were strength of association, consistency, specificity, temporality, biologic gradient, plausibility, analogy, coherence, and experimentation. More research is needed to study GUD patients before they acquire HIV.

Health aspects, Sexually transmitted diseases

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