Birth weight discordancy in male-first and female-first pairs of unlike-sexed twins

Article Abstract:

It is recognized that the birth weight of boys is greater than that of girls. The growth of a fetus during pregnancy, the intrauterine growth, is a measurement of fetal well-being. Any deviation from normal is termed intrauterine growth retardation. Abnormalities in fetal growth are common among identical twin pairs since they share the same intrauterine environment and compete for space and energy. Other factors, however, must be involved in growth retardation among fraternal twin pairs, who have separate fetal circulations and placentas. The role of sex in unequal intrauterine growth between fraternal twins was investigated. A difference in birth weights between unlike-sexed twins was determined for 153 twin pairs. The twins were grouped depending on birth order, that is, male or female first. The average weights and rate of unequal growth were similar for 71 male-first pairs and for 82 female-first pairs. In the twin pairs where the males were born first, the average birth weight of the males was greater. The difference was not significant in the twin pairs where the females were born first. There was a greater disparity in the rate of unequal growth in females compared with that of males, independent of birth order. Intrauterine growth retardation seems to most greatly affect females born to mixed-sexed twins. It is concluded that the sex of a fetus should be considered when assessing intrauterine growth retardation. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Measurement, Fetus, Physiological aspects, Growth, Fetal growth retardation, Birth weight, Sex differences, Twins

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Spontaneous embryonic loss following in vitro fertilization: Incidence and effect on outcomes

Article Abstract:

The aim of this study is to determine the early-spontaneous loss rate in multiple pregnancies following assisted reproductive technology (ART). The observations show a clear relation between early spontaneous loss of multiple gestations and either initial number of embryos or maternal age.

Science & research, Research, Fertilization in vitro, Human, Human fertilization in vitro, Embryology, Human, Human embryology

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Prospective risk of intrauterine death of monochorionic-diamnotic twins

Article Abstract:

The prospective risk of fetal death in monochorionic-diamniotic twins is determined. The results reveal that the fetal death rate is 5 of 193 pregnancies while the prospective risk of stillbirth per pregnancy after 32 weeks of gestation is 1.2%.

Pregnancy, Complications of, Pregnancy complications, Still-birth, Stillbirth, Fetal death, Medical condition overview

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