The pathophysiology of bleeding disorders presenting as abnormal uterine bleeding

Article Abstract:

Disorders that affect at least one of three steps in the coagulation process may explain the abnormal menstrual flow seen in some women. The first step in the coagulation process after blood vessel injury involves an accumulation of blood platelets that is dependent on the presence of the von Willebrand factor. Decreased levels of the von Willebrand factor result in problems with coagulation and lengthy bleeding times. Normally, coagulation factors then stimulate the formation of fibrous cross-links around the platelet plug. The last step involves the breakdown of the clot.

Physiological aspects, Uterine bleeding, Uterine hemorrhage, Menstruation disorders

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Androgen cotherapy in menopause: evolving benefits and challenges

Article Abstract:

Combining an androgen with estrogen may reduce symptoms of menopause as well as the risk of osteoporosis and heart disease. Androgens are male sex hormones.

Health aspects, Innovations, Drug therapy, Hormone therapy, Menopause, Androgens

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