C1-esterase inhibitor protects against neointima formation after arterial injury in atherosclerosis-prone mice

Article Abstract:

Although activation of the complement system has been implicated in the progression of human atherosclerosis, its function during arterial remodeling after injury has not been investigated. Here, we examined the contribution of the complement cascade to neointima formation in apolipoprotein Eudeficient mice using a C1-esterase inhibitor (C1-inhibitor). Apolipoprotein Eudeficientmice fed an atherogenic diet were subjected to wire-inducedendothelial denudation of the carotid artery and treated withC1-inhibitor (Berinert; 15 IU IV) or vehicle perioperativelyand subsequently every 2 days. The effectiveness of C1-inhibitortreatment was confirmed by measurement of plasma C1-inhibitoractivity. A significant reduction in serum triglyceride levelswas observed in C1-inhibitorutreated mice, whereas cholesterollevels did not differ. After 3 weeks, neointimal area was significantlyreduced in C1-inhibitorutreated mice versus controls,whereas medial area was unaltered. This was associated witha significant decrease in neointimal and medial macrophage andCD3 T-cell content. Expression of C3 mRNA was significantlyreduced in plaques of C1-inhibitorutreated mice 10 daysafter injury, as assessed by reverse-transcription polymerasechain reaction. The peak in serum C3 levels after injury wasmarkedly downregulated by C1-inhibitor, as evidenced by ELISA.Immunohistochemistry revealed strong expression of C3 and C3c,which colocalized to plaque macrophages and was reduced in C1-inhibitorutreatedmice. C1-inhibitor impaired monocyte arrest on activated endotheliumand platelets under flow conditions in vitro and leukocyte recruitmentto carotid arteries 1 day after injury in vivo. C1-inhibitor limits neointimal plaque formationand inflammation. This may involve blockade of complement activation,inhibition of leukocyte recruitment, and reduced triglyceridelevels, thus providing a multimodal approach to treat arterialdisease

Science & research, Research, Prevention, Development and progression, Esterases, Apolipoproteins, Dosage and administration, Atherosclerosis, Complement (Immunology), Clinical report

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Kaposi's sarcoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma incidence trends in AIDS clinical trail group study participants

Article Abstract:

The authors compared the rate of impact the use of protease inhibitors and nucleoside analogues were having on delaying the progression of HIV infection to AIDS to what impact they might be having on Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). They found the decline in incidence of KS was striking but there was minimal impact on the incidence of NHL.

Statistical Data Included, HIV infection, HIV infections, Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, Kaposi's sarcoma

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Monoclonal antibodies to an HIV-1 group O envelope recombinant

Article Abstract:

Researchers have developed monoclonal antibodies that can be used to detect group O HIV-1. This strain is common in West Africa and has also occurred in Europe and the US. The antibodies can be used to determine differences in the envelope protein between group O and group M HIV.

HIV (Viruses), HIV, Identification and classification, Monoclonal antibodies

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