Childhood human immunodeficiency virus infection: the spectrum of costs

Article Abstract:

The economic costs of infection of children with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV, which causes AIDS) and the available resources was reviewed. It is difficult to predict both the number of children who will develop AIDS in the coming years and the economic costs of their care, based on the number of reported AIDS cases in previous years. It is estimated that there may be 10 times as many cases of HIV infection than reported cases of AIDS. There are wide differences in the number of cases of childhood HIV infection from city to city, and since HIV infection is passed from mother to child, predictions must take into consideration the amount of drug abuse, the extent of HIV infection among drug abusers, and the rate of heterosexual transmission. Management of HIV-infected children includes hospital care as well as care outside of the hospital, including support groups, foster care, financial assistance, research, and education and prevention programs. The costs of these programs must be considered, even though hospital care comprises 70 percent of the total health care costs. It is estimated that the lifetime cost of a child with AIDS is $100,000. This is significantly greater than the lifetime cost of an adult with AIDS, which is estimated to range from $40,000 to $80,000. At present, the majority of the health care funding for children infected with HIV comes from the federal government. Additional funding is provided by state and city governments, and community services. A number of individual foundations and associations have been formed and may be a source of supplemental funding for the care of children with HIV and AIDS. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Economic aspects, Laws, regulations and rules, HIV infection in children, Pediatric HIV infections, Medical care, Cost of, Health care costs, AIDS (Disease) in children, Pediatric AIDS (Disease)

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Seroepidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus infection in Borno State of Nigeria by sentinel surveillance

Article Abstract:

The rising incidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in Borno State of Nigeria mandates screening all donated blood and calls for more educational and counseling efforts. A survey of HIV seropositivity was taken among 1,259 people, including individuals attending sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics, pregnant women, female prostitutes and blood donors. Overall, 21 people (1.67%) were HIV-positive, and of them, 14 were prostitutes. This represents an eight-fold increase in HIV infection among prostitutes in Borno State since 1987. The lowest seroprevalence was among pregnant women (0.24%). Of the 21 HIV-positive individuals, 18 were positive for HIV type 1 only, one was positive for HIV type 2 only and two were positive for both types. While the seroprevalence among blood donors was relatively low (0.71%), screening blood, which most hospitals in Borno do not do, would assist in controlling the spread of HIV infection.

Health aspects, Surveys, Nigeria, HIV seroprevalence

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