Contrasting effects of testosterone and stanozolol on serum lipoprotein levels

Article Abstract:

Lipoproteins are protein particles which bind to and transport fats in the blood. High-density lipoproteins (HDL) are thought to transport cholesterol from tissue outside the liver to the liver for excretion. Orally administered anabolic steroids, a group of synthetic derivatives of testosterone mainly used to promote growth and repair body tissues, cause a significant reduction in the concentration of HDL cholesterol in the blood. It has been suggested that this effect results from the route of administration rather than from the properties of the drug itself. In 11 male weight lifters, the effects of orally administered anabolic steroid stanozolol were compared to the effects of testosterone injections directly into the muscle on blood levels of two types of HDL (HDL-2 and HDL-3). Stanozolol reduced HDL-cholesterol levels and HDL-2 by 33 percent and 71 percent respectively. Testosterone was less effective, causing HDL-cholesterol concentrations to drop 9 percent. Testosterone was more effective in suppressing gonadotropic hormones, those hormones that affect the gonads. The drop in HDL levels produced by oral stanozolol is considered to be undesirable because of the increased risk of heart disease accompanied by the change. With rare exceptions, injections of testosterone directly into the muscle is preferable to orally administered anabolic steroids when prolonged use is required for therapy. However, further studies are needed on the therapeutic use of testosterone.

Testosterone, Control, Dosage and administration, High density lipoproteins, Cholesterol, Stanozolol

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Cardiovascular response to maximal cycle exercise during pregnancy and at two and seven months post partum

Article Abstract:

The cardiovascular responses to exercise of women after they have delivered an infant have not been well studied. Some studies have demonstrated no differences in oxygen uptake, heart rate, or cardiac output (the amount of blood ejected from the heart). Cardiovascular changes were studied among nine women during pregnancy and two and seven months after delivery. Oxygen uptake, cardiac output and maternal heart rate were measured during maximal and less than maximal exercise testing performed on a cycle ergometer and at rest. During pregnancy, resting cardiac output, heart rate and stroke volume (the amount of blood ejected from the heart during a single contraction) were higher than both postpartum measurements. Resting oxygen uptake during pregnancy was similar to that measured at two months postpartum, but was higher at the month seven evaluation. The cardiac output during submaximal exercise was higher during pregnancy than afterwards. There were no significant differences in maximal oxygen uptake or heart rate during pregnancy or later. The cardiac output and stroke volume were higher during pregnancy. Cardiovascular response to exercise does not completely return to prepregnant levels two months after delivery. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Exercise, Exercise physiology, Cardiovascular system, Circulatory system, Pregnancy, Puerperium

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Gestational diabetes: predictors of subsequent disordered glucose metabolism

Article Abstract:

Different factors may be used to predict the risk of subsequent diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance in women who have had gestational diabetes. Gestational diabetes is the development of diabetes during pregnancy. A study examined different variables in 350 nonpregnant women who had gestational diabetes in the previous 10 years. Several variables were more effective than others in identifying women with an increased risk of later developing diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance. These variables were prepregnancy body mass index and fasting blood levels of glucose on a pregnant oral glucose tolerance test.

Diabetes in pregnancy, Gestational diabetes, Glucose metabolism

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