Cost-effective use of nevirapine to prevent vertical HIV transmission in sub-Saharan Africa

Article Abstract:

Giving all pregnant women a single dose of nevirapine at the onset of labor may reduce the HIV transmission rate. The benefit of the treatment overall may outweigh any side effects caused by the drug. The only potential problem is that women who don't know whether they are HIV-positive may refuse to take the drug.

Prevention, Pregnant women, HIV infection in children, Pediatric HIV infections

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Cost and enrollment implications of targeting different source population for an HIV treatment program

Article Abstract:

A conditional probability model, to evaluate the effects of Antenatal clinics (ANC) and tuberculosis (TB) clinic population on antiretroviral therapy (ART) program enrollment and the cost, is developed. It is found that targeting chronically ill populations for HIV treatment might have significant short-term benefits in cost saving and recruitment efficiency in areas with high HIV prevalence.

United States, Evaluation, HIV infection, Drug therapy, Medical care, Cost of, Health care costs, Tuberculosis, Dosage and administration, Antiviral agents, Chronically ill, Antiretroviral agents

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Zidovudine for the prevention of vertical HIV transmission: a decision analytic approach

Article Abstract:

Zidovudine (ZDV) probably should be given to HIV positive pregnant women and their neonates to prevent HIV infection in the children. However, if the child will suffer severe side effects, beginning early in life, such treatment should be withheld. Researchers created a decision making model using two hypothetical groups of children born to HIV positive mothers: one group received ZDV therapy and one group did not. Using previous studies, the researchers combined various estimates of probability of HIV transmission, survival, ZDV side effects and their impact on quality of life. One previous study found that ZDV reduced the incidence of transmission from 52.5% to 8.3%. The side effects that were considered included ones that would affect quality of life in ways similar to bone cancer, kidney disease, or angina. The decision model supports recommendations to treat mothers and infants with ZDV.

Disease transmission, Pregnancy, Zidovudine, HIV infection in pregnancy

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