Cytomegalovirus infections in pediatric liver transplantation

Article Abstract:

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common cause of infections, and in healthy patients these infections are usually not serious. In persons who are in an immunocompromised condition, especially organ-transplant recipients and patients with AIDS, CMV infection causes a significant amount of severe illness and death. A retrospective study was carried out on 26 children who had undergone liver transplantation. The purpose of the study was to determine: the incidence of infection with CMV; the relationship of the presence or absence of CMV in the blood of organ donors and recipients to CMV disease; and the severity of disease. The incidence of CMV infection was 54 percent (14 of 26 patients). CMV infection developed after transplantation surgery in 90 percent of patients who were either CMV-positive or received an organ from a donor who was CMV-positive. Of the 14 children who developed CMV infection, 43 percent (six) died from CMV disease, despite treatment with immunoglobulins and either ganciclovir or foscarnet sodium. All deaths due to CMV occurred in children who had received a CMV-positive donor organ. Three of four children who were CMV-negative but received CMV-positive organs died of CMV disease. Of the six children who were CMV-positive and received positive organs, three died of CMV disease. One of 12 children who were CMV-negative and received a CMV-negative organ developed CMV infection that resolved without treatment. It is concluded that a CMV-positive donor is a major risk factor in development of severe CMV disease. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Complications and side effects, Risk factors, Diseases, Liver, Liver transplantation, Organ transplantation, Pediatric surgery, Organ donors, Tissue donors, Cytomegaloviruses, Cytomegalovirus, Transplantation of organs, tissues, etc. in children

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Screening for cytomegalovirus retinitis in children

Article Abstract:

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis may be infrequent among children with weakened immune systems. CMV is a congenital infection and may readily infect immunocompromised people. CMV retinitis is a form of the disease that destroys the retina of the eye. Researchers prospectively studied 56 and retrospectively studied 93 immunocompromised children for the presence of CMV infection and CMV retinitis. Only 5% of the children studied developed CMV retinitis, three in the prospective group and four in the retrospective group. Children with AIDS or other immunodeficiency diseases may have a greater risk of CMV retinitis.

Health aspects, Analysis, Diagnosis, Children, Retinal diseases, Medical screening, Health screening, Child health

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Sex and disability

Article Abstract:

Women with disabilities will require access to family planning services, and may choose to take the pill. For visually impaired women, it may be necessary to arrange auditory prompts for pill taking, while for women with a hearing impairment, a video produced by the British Deaf Association detailing various contraceptive methods may be useful. Family planning nurses may face challenges when trying to communicate with women with learning disabilities, but controlled and staged questioning during assessment may prove effective.

Management, Services, Disabled women, Family planning services, Women, Deaf, Deaf women, Blind women

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