Smoking and the risk of peptic ulcer disease among women in the United States

Article Abstract:

Peptic ulcers are lesions of the mucosal tissue lining the gastrointestinal tract and commonly occur in the stomach or beginning of the small intestines. Although several studies show that smoking is associated with the development of peptic ulcers in men, there is limited knowledge about this relationship among women. The effects of smoking on the incidence of peptic ulcers in women was assessed by reviewing the data from the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Epidemiologic Follow-up Study, a national study of American adults. One hundred and forty of 2,851 women developed peptic ulcer disease. During 12.5 years of follow-up, the incidence of ulcers was 10.0 percent for current smokers, 6.4 percent for former smokers, and 5.4 percent for women who never smoked. After considering certain factors including age, education, aspirin use, and consumption of coffee and alcohol, the results showed that current smokers were 1.8 times more likely to develop ulcers as compared to nonsmokers. The risk of developing peptic ulcer rose as the amount of smoking increased. It was estimated that 20 percent of peptic ulcer cases resulted from cigarette smoking. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Health aspects, Women, Physiological aspects, Women's health, Tobacco, Peptic ulcer, Smoking and women, Women smokers

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Adverse Childhood Experiences and Smoking During Adolescence and Adulthood

Article Abstract:

Children who have adverse experiences may be more likely to smoke when they grow up. Researchers analyzed the rate of 8 adverse childhood experiences among 9,215 adults, of whom 40% of the women were current or former smokers and 60% of the men were. The 8 categories of adverse childhood experiences included emotional, physical, or sexual abuse, a battered mother, parental separation or divorce, and growing up with a substance-abusing, mentally ill, or incarcerated household member. Sixty-three percent reported one or more experiences and those with 5 or more were 2 to 3 times more likely to smoke.

Smokers, Smoking, Adult child abuse victims

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