Development of vaginal microbicides for the prevention of heterosexual transmission of HIV

Article Abstract:

The heterosexual transmission of HIV may best be prevented using a combination of drugs targeting both the virus and its means of infection in the vagina. Virucidal agents directly affect the HIV particle, whereas antiviral agents disrupt various processes in the HIV life cycle. A combination of both agents may prevent infection by both free and cell-associated HIV. The action of virucidal agents such as nonoxynol 9 in breaking down the viral membrane might result in side effects involving destruction of the vaginal mucosa and enhancement of HIV infection. Further research on appropriate administration and formulation of these agents, however, may minimize such side effects. Antiviral agents such as polyanions can inhibit the attachment of the virus to cells and subsequent membrane fusion. Other antiviral agents such a reverse transcriptase inhibitors and fusion/uncoating inhibitors may be useful. As heterosexual transmission results in the majority of HIV infections in the world, a female-controlled approach may be crucial in HIV/AIDS prevention programs.

HIV (Viruses), HIV, HIV infection in women

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A placebo-controlled, double-blind prospective study in healthy female volunteers of dextrin sulphate gel: a novel potential intravaginal virucide

Article Abstract:

A vaginal gel containing dextrin sulfate may be well-tolerated by women. Researchers studied 24 women who used dextrin sulfate gel and 12 who used a placebo gel. Although the dextrin sulfate gel caused vaginal redness in 5 women, there was no microscopic evidence of inflammation. The gel did not affect normal vaginal bacteria that may protect women against HIV infection. Although condoms are effective in preventing the transmission of HIV, many women have no control over condom use by their partner. Dextrin sulfate has been effective in preventing HIV infection in experimental cell lines.

Health aspects, Women's health, Vagina, Medication by, Vaginal medication, Dextrins

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Marked inhibitory activity of masked aryloxy aminoacyl phosphoramidate derivatives of dideoxynucleoside analogues against visna virus infection

Article Abstract:

Visna virus infection in lambs may be an appropriate model for testing the antiviral activity of drugs for HIV infection. Visna virus infection in lambs is similar to HIV infection in humans. Researchers tested several derivatives of reverse transcriptase inhibitor agents in visna virus-infected sheep cells. Derivatives of d4A and ddA showed substantial antiviral activity, and remained stable in sheep blood plasma. Antiviral agents may be tested in visna virus-infected cell cultures and actively infected sheep.

Research, Models, Physiological aspects, Nucleoside analogs, Reverse transcriptase inhibitors, Dideoxyadenosine

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