Diagnosis and laparoscopic grading of acute salpingitis

Article Abstract:

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an infection that develops above the vagina or cervix, and involves the upper portions of the female reproductive tract, including the uterus, fallopian tubes, and broad ligaments. PID is the major cause of reproductive problems in young women. The incidence of PID and PID-related hospitalizations is increasing. In addition, infertility and ectopic pregnancy, in which the fertilized egg is implanted outside of the uterus, are also rising. Unusual forms of PID may be difficult to diagnose and treat. Diagnosis of PID is based on clinical evaluation, biopsy of the endometrium (inner lining of the uterus), and laparoscopy (examination of the abdomen and pelvis using a laparoscope, a tube-like device with an optical system). Salpingitis, or inflammation of the fallopian tubes (which extend from the uterus toward the ovaries), should be suspected in patients who have tenderness in that area and signs of lower genital tract infection, such as mucopus (the presence of mucus combined with pus) and/or leukorrhea (discharge of white or yellow mucous) from the cervical canal or vagina. Other signs, such as fever, increased numbers of white blood cells (an indication of infection), elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (an indication of inflammation and illness), elevated levels of C-reactive protein (an indication of active disease), and positive tests for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae help to confirm a diagnosis of salpingitis. Endometrial biopsy can determine whether there is inflammation of the upper genital tract. Laparoscopy is particularly beneficial when the diagnosis is unclear. Laparoscopic findings are graded, or categorized, based on the mobility and inflammation of the fallopian tubes, and can help to predict the duration of in-hospital treatment and the possibility of future infertility. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Complications and side effects, Pelvic inflammatory disease, Laparoscopy

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High hepatitis B carrier rate among non-Oriental patients with acute salpingitis

Article Abstract:

Salpingitis is an inflammation or infection of the fallopian tubes, the tubes between the ovaries and the uterus. The tubes are often infected with sexually transmitted organisms, and the infections may occur in combination with other infections. Hepatitis B infections, which can be transmitted sexually, may appear in conjunction with other infections. To determine whether women with salpingitis are likely carriers of the hepatitis B virus, 59 women with salpingitis were tested for hepatitis B antibodies, which the body produces in response to exposure to the virus. Exposure was confirmed in six of the patients with salpingitis; five patients had no history of a sexually transmitted disease. Screening of all patients with salpingitis for hepatitis is recommended. Undiagnosed hepatitis B infections can be transmitted to healthcare workers, putting them at risk, particularly prior to a surgical procedure.

Diagnosis, Disease transmission, Hepatitis B virus

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Managing the sexually transmitted disease pandemic: A time for reevaluation

Article Abstract:

Prevention strategies, protection and management of infection in sexually transmitted disease (STD) need to be reevaluated. However, optimal life-long health can be achieved through partner reduction and avoidance of risky sexual behavior.

United States, Science & research, Prevention

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