Dietary assessment in Whitehall II: the influence of reporting bias on apparent socioeconomic variation in nutrient intakes

Article Abstract:

A study was conducted to compare the three methods of data analysis in relation to socioeconomic differences in nutrient intake while considering the influence of reporting bias. The three methods of data analysis that were evaluated are inclusion of all subjects, exclusion of low energy reporters, and regression-based energy adjustment. Results indicate that low energy reporting can cause bias in nutritional epidemiology and its existence is inversely related to socioeconomic status while energy adjustment method can be used to control or reduce the bias on socioeconomic differences in nutrient intake.

Social aspects, Nutrition, Diet, Social status, Methodology, Research methods

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Para-amino benzoic acid in the assessment of completeness of 24-hour urine collections from hospital outpatients and the effect of impaired renal function

Article Abstract:

The completeness of 24-hour urine specimens was assessed using the oral marker, para-amino benzoic acid (PABA) to determine the validity of its use in dietary intake assessments. Results show that incomplete collections may contain up to 30% less of all constituents compared to complete urine specimens especially for urea and total nitrogen. The PABA check is affected by impaired renal function and is reliable only with plasma creatinine less than 125 micromoles per liter. PABA recovery is delayed with higher creatinine values and will be an inaccurate test for urine completeness.

Kidney diseases, Urine, Urinalysis, Para-aminobenzoic acid

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Can radio-opaque markers be used to measure mouth-to-stoma transit time in ileostomates?

Article Abstract:

Radio-opaque markers are unsuitable for determining the mouth-to-stoma transit time (MSTT) in ileostomates, as they overestimate the MSTT. The MSTT determined by these markers is 4-5 hrs longer than that determined by the standard method of starch recovery from the ileum. The markers' movement in the stomach and the small intestine is similar to that of the starch. This indicates that the overestimation of MSTT is probably due to slower movement of the markers into or out of the ileostomy bag.

Methods, Evaluation, Time measurement, Ileum, Tracers (Biology)

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