Effect of clomiphene citrate treatment on endometrial estrogen and progesterone receptor induction in women
Article Abstract:
Clomiphene citrate is a commonly used drug in the clinical setting for inducing ovulation, the release of the egg from the ovarian follicle. It acts by preventing formation of estrogen receptors. Estrogen is a hormone that, among other things, controls ovulation; high levels of estrogen prevent ovulation. When the estrogen receptors are not present in sufficient numbers, a high level of circulating estrogen is not detected and ovulation occurs. Clomiphene, however, exerts this effect throughout the body, and other important processes under control of estrogen release are altered. Luteal phase deficiency is an adverse effect of clomiphene therapy. It is an abnormality of the corpus luteum, which is an endocrine body that normally forms in the ruptured ovarian follicle following ovulation. It has been presumed that this occurs as a result of clomiphene having an adverse effect on estrogen and progesterone receptor formation on the endometrium, the mucous membrane that lines the uterus. This study further examined whether clomiphene indeed has such an effect. Five normally ovulating women were recruited for the study. Hormone levels and endometrial estrogen and progesterone concentration were measured both during natural ovulation and during ovulation induced by clomiphene. Results showed that serum estradiol (a type of estrogen) and serum progesterone were significantly higher at designated points when ovulation was induced than when it occurred naturally. Endometrial estrogen and progesterone receptor concentrations and distributions were similar when ovulation was induced with clomiphene and when it was natural. Direct examination of endometrial tissue specimens also found similar results. Receptor concentrations averaged 7.2 and 8.2 pmol/mg during midcycle for natural and induced ovulation, respectively, and 41.3 and 40.4 in late cycle; the differences between induced and natural ovulation were thus not significant. These results indicate that clomiphene does not adversely affect endometrial estrogen and progesterone production and that if this drug is the cause of luteal phase deficiency, some other mechanism would have to be involved. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)
Publication Name: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Subject: Health
ISSN: 0002-9378
Year: 1991
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Progesterone receptor messenger ribonucleic acid and protein are overexpressed in human uterine leiomyomas
Article Abstract:
An overabundance of progesterone receptor messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and progesterone receptor protein is present in uterine leiomyomas. Progesterone is a hormone whose secretion is associated with the preparation of the uterus for implantation of a fertilized egg. Leiomyomas are benign tumors that occur in smooth muscles, such as the uterus. They are sometimes known as fibroids. Tissue samples from nine women with uterine leiomyomas were analyzed. Tissue from the tumor was compared with tissue from unaffected parts of the woman's uterus. In all tumor samples, overexpression of progesterone receptor mRNA was found when compared to the samples of the normal uterine tissue.
Publication Name: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Subject: Health
ISSN: 0002-9378
Year: 1993
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Clinical characteristics of patients with an abnormal clomiphene citrate challenge test
Article Abstract:
The authors have investigated clinical characteristics associated with abnormal clomiphene citrate challenge test. Results demonstrate that such characteristics as increased age, decreased pregnancy rates, lower body mass index are associated with abnormal clomiphene citrate test, and that women with abnormal clomiphene citrate test usually have early menopause familial history.
Publication Name: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Subject: Health
ISSN: 0002-9378
Year: 2003
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