Effect of exercise, dietary cholesterol, and dietary fat on blood lipids

Article Abstract:

High blood cholesterol has been associated with coronary artery disease, in which blood vessel blockage causes decreased blood supply to the heart. High blood cholesterol and high levels of low density lipoproteins (LDL) have been associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease. To lower the risk of heart disease by lowering blood cholesterol, exercise to raise levels of high density lipoproteins and lower LDL, and a low fat, low-cholesterol diet high in polyunsaturated fats have been suggested. The effects of two different diets, one low in fat and the other low in saturated fat content, in combination with vigorous exercise (at least 25 minutes four times a week), were studied in 10 healthy men with normal blood lipid values. The aim of the study was to see whether dietary cholesterol affects blood lipids in the presence of lipid-lowering effects of exercise and reduced dietary fat. The diets differed only in cholesterol content - 600 vs 200 mg. Patients receiving higher dietary cholesterol had average LDL increases of 10 percent and apolipoprotein B (a protein and fat combined) increases 13 percent. LDL cholesterol was raised by 25 percent in three patients, 10 to 25 percent in two patients and five percent or less in five patients. Limiting dietary cholesterol in healthy, athletic men with normal blood lipids eating low fat diets was effective in raising the favorable HDL cholesterol and preventing increases in apolipoprotein B. Therefore, a diet low in cholesterol is effective in lowering blood lipids, even when other lipid-lowering interventions such as exercise and low fat diets are employed. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Physiological aspects, Exercise, Low-fat diet, Low fat diet, Low-cholesterol diet, Low cholesterol diet, High density lipoproteins

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Apolipoproteins A-1 and B as predictors of angiographically defined coronary artery disease

Article Abstract:

The apolipoproteins are the nonlipid, protein portion of lipoproteins, which combine with lipid components such as cholesterol and triglycerides. While serum lipid measurements of high- and low-density lipoproteins (HDL and LDL) are accepted indexes of risk for cardiovascular disease (especially when considered in the light of other factors, such as diabetes, smoking, family history, and high blood pressure), some research has suggested that measurement of apolipoproteins may be a more reliable indicator of coronary artery disease (CAD) than serum lipids. Apo A-1 and apo B in particular may be useful, as apo A-1 is the major protein constituent of HDL, while apo B is a constituent of LDL. To assess the predictive power of apo B and apo A-1 to discriminate between patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and normal coronary arteries, concentrations of these apolipoproteins were measured in 154 women (average age, 63 years) and 348 men (average age around 60). The predictive ability of these apolipoproteins was compared to traditional lipid measures, namely total, HDL, and LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides. Statistical analysis of the resulting measurements indicated that apo B and apo A-1 provide additional information in predicting the presence of CAD. The variables measured, however, did not predict the extent of CAD. The use of apolipoprotein A-1 and B concentrations gives the clinician additional information to help predict the presence of CAD. Further conclusive evidence will require large clinical trials to demonstrate the predictive ability of these apolipoprotein measurements. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Risk factors

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A novel soy-based meal replacement formula for weight loss among obese individuals: a randomized controlled clinical trial

Article Abstract:

This article evaluates the safety and effectiveness of a soy-based meal replacement program in treating obesity. An analysis of patients' LDL cholesterol, blood lipid, and weight loss measurements is presented.

United States, Evaluation, Obesity, Weight loss, Diet therapy, Soyfoods

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