End-tidal carbon dioxide monitoring during cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a prognostic indicator for survival
Article Abstract:
A study involving 34 patients was undertaken to determine whether end-tidal carbon dioxide monitoring during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) could be used in predicting chances of survival in patients suffering from cardiac arrest. CPR is a form of emergency medical care given to an apparently unconscious person whose heart is not functioning. Studies have shown that end-tidal carbon dioxide concentrations fall with cardiac arrest, and move toward normal when normal cardiac activity resumes. Evaluation of the effectiveness of ongoing CPR efforts is difficult. It is useful, but impractical, to measure various blood flow indicators to assess the status of the patient and the effectiveness of CPR. Studies in experimental cardiac arrest models have found that exhalation carbon dioxide monitoring during CPR correlates well with various measures of cardiac output and resuscitation outcome. The findings of this study suggest that larger volumes of carbon dioxide during exhalation are a positive predictor of survival (generally 10 mm. of mercury or greater).
Publication Name: JAMA, The Journal of the American Medical Association
Subject: Health
ISSN: 0098-7484
Year: 1989
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Effectiveness of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation and survival following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
Article Abstract:
Performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) according to the guidelines of the American Heart Association may increase survival rates in people in cardiac arrest. Researchers analyzed data on 2,071 out-of-hospital cardiac arrests in New York City in a 6-month period. Emergency medical technicians who arrived on the scene judged the effectiveness of CPR performed by bystanders at the scene. Of the 2,071 people in cardiac arrest, 662 received CPR. CPR was performed effectively in only 46% of the cases. Survival rates at discharge from the hospital were almost 5% in those who received effective compressions and ventilations, compared to 0.6% survival rates in those who received neither. Patients who received effective compressions but not effective ventilation had a 2% survival rate. Overall, patients who received effective CPR were 3 to 4 times more likely to survive to discharge.
Publication Name: JAMA, The Journal of the American Medical Association
Subject: Health
ISSN: 0098-7484
Year: 1995
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Minimally interrupted cardiac resuscitation by emergency medical services for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
Article Abstract:
A study was conducted to determine whether minimally interrupted cardiac resuscitation (MICR) which is considered an alternate emergency medical procedure could improve the survival rate. MICR was found to improve the survival rate of cardiac patients.
Publication Name: JAMA, The Journal of the American Medical Association
Subject: Health
ISSN: 0098-7484
Year: 2008
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