Hemangioma of the cervix managed with the Nd:YAG laser

Article Abstract:

Hemangiomas are malformations of blood vessels. They occur when the cells that form the inner lining of blood vessels begin to grow rapidly and out of control, resulting in the formation of a lump or tumor. It is the most common form of birth defect, but in many cases, it is not diagnosed at birth and it disappears by itself later in life. However, some hemangiomas can persist and cause internal bleeding. A total of 37 cases of hemangioma occurring in the cervix have been reported. In 33 percent of the cases it caused vaginal bleeding, and 15 of cases were treated by performing a hysterectomy (surgical removal of the female reproductive organs). However, more conservative approaches that do not render the patient sterile are available. Hemangiomas in the cervix have been removed by cutting, burning (electrocauterization), freezing (cryotherapy), and with lasers. The Nd:YAG laser (neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser) is a very accurate laser that has been used with great success for treating a wide variety of disorders. It uses fiberoptics to transmit a beam of light directly to the desired location. The laser light is converted into heat and this heats the abnormal tissue until it dies. This laser therapy was recently used for the first time to treat a hemangioma on the cervix. Using the Nd:YAG laser the hemangioma was destroyed in 14 minutes without any bleeding. There were no symptoms of pain, bleeding or discharge following the surgery. Six months after the operation the cervix showed no signs of scarring or recurrence of the hemangioma. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Care and treatment, Usage, Lasers in surgery, Laser surgery, Cardiovascular tumors, Vascular tissue tumors, Laser coagulation, Laser photocoagulation, Nd-YAG lasers

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Endometrial histology and bleeding patterns after 8 years of continuous combined estrogen and progestogen therapy in postmenopausal women

Article Abstract:

Although estrogen replacement therapy for postmenopausal women is effective both for relieving the symptoms of menopause and reducing the increased risks for degenerative diseases, many postmenopausal women are reluctant to use it. One major reason for this reluctance is the vaginal bleeding and premenstrual-like symptoms that can occur with such therapy. Combined estrogen and progestogen therapy has proven useful in the short term for obtaining the positive effects of estrogen replacement therapy while avoiding vaginal bleeding. The long-term effects of combined therapy are unclear. This study examined vaginal bleeding patterns in 41 postmenopausal women who had received combined estrogen and progestogen therapy for up to 10 years (average 8 years). Combined therapy caused cessation of vaginal bleeding within a few months of its initiation. Six women experienced subsequent vaginal bleeding. Two of these women had adenocarcinoma, two had endometrial polyps, and two had atrophic endometrium. Following treatment for these conditions, vaginal bleeding ceased. The results indicate that combined therapy with estrogen and progestogen prevents the vaginal bleeding that frequently complicates estrogen therapy. If bleeding does occur once amenorrhea has been attained with combined therapy, a biopsy should be performed as the bleeding may indicate underlying endometrial pathology. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Complications and side effects, Physiological aspects, Menopause, Postmenopausal women, Estrogen, Estrogens

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Capillary hemangioma of the vagina and urethra in a child: response to short-term steroid therapy

Article Abstract:

A five-year-old girl with capillary hemangioma of the vagina and urethra, an extremely common benign tumor of infancy and childhood made up of newly formed blood vessels, was treated with an oral steroid, prednisolone. After two years and eight months, the girl developed blood in the urine (hematuria). The urethra and vagina were examined and appeared normal, but a hemangioma was detected within the bladder. After the bleeding had been stopped, the patient again underwent steroid treatment. The blood in the urine did not recur. Use of steroids to treat hemangiomas of the genitourinary areas is recommended.

Drug therapy, Prednisolone

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