Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I)-associated adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma in a patient infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)

Article Abstract:

Retroviruses have a particular affinity for specialized white blood cells known as T lymphocytes, which are involved in fighting foreign substances in the body. Retroviruses become part of the host's genetic material and duplicate along with multiplying infected cells. Three types of retroviruses are human T cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV) types I and II and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-I). HIV, which causes AIDS, destroys T lymphocytes. The HTLV retroviruses can cause T cell leukemia-lymphomas, a cancer characterized by the abnormal growth of infected T lymphocytes. Concurrent infections with HTLV and HIV retroviruses are diagnosed by blood tests and have the same risks for transmission. A 43-year-old homosexual man was found to have HTLV-I and HIV-I. The number of cells infected with HTLV-I was one out of 30 cells. After he received chemotherapy to treat the leukemia-lymphoma, the number of infected cells was reduced to one out of 1,000 cells. The number of cells infected with HIV-1 remained unchanged at one out of 1,000 cells. The patient is considered to be in remission of leukemia, despite his AIDS infection. In the presence of HIV infection, HTLV co-infection should be suspected when the number of leukocytes and the ratio of CD4 to CD8 cells (specific leukocytes) are increased. Because co-infection commonly occurs, it is likely that more AIDS patients will develop T cell leukemia-lymphomas. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Case studies, Infection, HIV (Viruses), HIV, T cells, Leukemia, Retrovirus infections

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Guidelines for counseling persons infected with human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) and type II (HTLV-II)

Article Abstract:

Special guidelines should be followed in counseling patients infected with human T-lymphotropic viruses types I (HTLV-I) and II (HTLV-II). Both of these viruses are transmitted through intravenous drug use, blood transfusions or sexual contact with an infected individual. HTLV-I causes adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma and a chronic degenerative neurologic disease. HTLV-II has yet to be associated with a specific disease. Blood banks started screening donor blood for HTLV-1 infection in 1988. This type of screening may also identify blood infected with HTLV-II, since the two viruses are similar immunologically. Blood donors who are positive for HTLV infection are notified by the blood bank. The physicians who treat these individuals should be notified of their infection. They should also have periodic checkups by a physician knowledgable about HTLV infections.

Psychological aspects, Disease transmission, HTLV infections

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Body cavity-based malignant lymphoma containing Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus in an HIV-negative man with previous Kaposi sarcoma

Article Abstract:

The herpesvirus associated with Kaposi sarcoma may play a role in the development of body cavity-based lymph cancer in patients negative for HIV. Tests for Kaposi-associated herpesvirus were performed on lymph cancer cells from a patient who previously had Kaposi sarcoma but tested negative for HIV. There was genetic evidence of Kaposi-associated herpesvirus but no other herpesviruses in this patient's cancer cells. There also was evidence on these cells of an immune system reaction.

Complications and side effects, Identification and classification, Herpesviruses, Kaposi's sarcoma

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